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3D model of a shell with a single layer of reciprocal frames. 3D model of a shell with a single layer of reciprocal frames.

Reciprocal Frames / Systems

They are self-supporting three-dimensional structures whose shape varies according to the number of beams and the location in which they support each other. These are structures found in nature, such as bird nests. It is difficult to precisely trace their historical origin. However, Leonardo da Vinci’s self-supporting bridges are a classic example of reciprocal structures.

Reciprocal Frame Pavilion from the outside with lights at night. Developed by Nathan Melenbrink, Samo Pedersen and Shibu Raman. University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China.

Leonardo da Vinci self-supporting bridge